Lack of association between delayed tooth emergence and single nucleotide polymorphisms in estrogen receptors

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) and delayed tooth emergence (DTE). This cross-sectional study was composed of biological unrelated children of both sexes, age ranging from 11 to 13 years old. DTE was defined when the successor primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after its exfoliation time or the absence of the permanent tooth emergence into the oral cavity. Children were diagnosed with DTE when they had at least one delayed permanent tooth, according to age of exfoliation of each tooth proposed by The American Dental Association. Genomic DNA from saliva was used to evaluate the SNPs in ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) using Real-Time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Logistic Regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. SNP-SNP interaction was accessed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis also adjusted by gender and age. The established alpha of this study was 5%. Among 537 included children, 296 (55%) were in the "DTE" group and the 241 (45%) were in the "Control" group. Age and gender were not statistically different among the groups (p>0.05). Genotype distribution of the SNPs rs9340799, rs2234693, rs1256049 and rs4986938 were not associated with DTE (p> 0.05). The models elected by MDR were not statistically significant either. Conclusions: The studied SNPs in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with permanent DTE.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) em genes que codificam receptores de estrógeno (ESR1 e ESR2, respectivamente) e o retardo na emergência dentária (DTE). Este estudo transversal foi composto por crianças biológicas não relacionadas de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 13 anos. O DTE foi definido pela presença do dente decíduo na cavidade bucal após seu tempo e também, quando as crianças apresentaram pelo menos um dente permanente com atraso. O DNA genômico foi usado para avaliar os SNPs em ESR1 (rs9340799 e rs2234693) e ESR2 (rs1256049 e rs4986938) usando PCR em tempo real. Foram realizados testes Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e Regressão Logística ajustados por idade e sexo. A interação SNP-SNP foi acessada pela análise de redução de dimensionalidade multifatorial (MDR), também ajustada por sexo e idade. O alfa de 5% foi estabelecido. Entre 537 crianças incluídas, 296 (55%) estavam no grupo "DTE" e 241 (45%) estavam no grupo "Controle". A idade e o sexo não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos (p> 0,05). A distribuição de genótipos dos SNPs rs9340799, rs2234693, rs1256049 e rs4986938 não foi associada ao DTE (p> 0,05). Os modelos eleitos pelo MDR também não foram estatisticamente significativos. Conclusões: Os SNPs estudados na ESR1 e ESR2 não foram associados ao DTE na dentição permanente.

Genetic variants in bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathway might be involved in palatal rugae phenotype in humans.

This study investigated, if genetic variants in BMP2, BMP4 and SMAD6 are associated with variations in the palatal rugae pattern in humans. Dental casts and genomic DNA from 75 patients were evaluated. Each patient was classified as follows: total amount of rugae; bilateral symmetry in the amount, length and shape of the palatal rugae; presence of secondary or fragmentary palatal rugae; presence of unifications; predominant shape; and predominant direction of the palatal rugae. The genetic variants in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563) and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) were genotyped. Genotype distribution was compared between palatal rugae patterns using the chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). The allele A was associated with the presence of secondary or fragmentary rugae for rs1005464 (OR = 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-6.3; p = 0.014). Secondary or fragmentary rugae were associated with the G allele in rs17563 (OR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-3.9; p = 0.017). rs17563 was also associated with rugae unification (p = 0.017 in the additive model). The predominant shape (wavy) was associated with rs2119261 (p = 0.023 in the additive model). The left-right symmetry of the length of primary rugae was associated with rs3934908 in the recessive model (OR = 3.6, 95%CI 1.2-11.7; p = 0.025). In conclusion, genetic variants in the BMP pathway impacted on palatal rugae pattern.

Lack of association between delayed tooth emergence and single nucleotide polymorphisms in estrogen receptors.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) and delayed tooth emergence (DTE). This cross-sectional study was composed of biological unrelated children of both sexes, age ranging from 11 to 13 years old. DTE was defined when the successor primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after its exfoliation time or the absence of the permanent tooth emergence into the oral cavity. Children were diagnosed with DTE when they had at least one delayed permanent tooth, according to age of exfoliation of each tooth proposed by The American Dental Association. Genomic DNA from saliva was used to evaluate the SNPs in ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) using Real-Time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Logistic Regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. SNP-SNP interaction was accessed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis also adjusted by gender and age. The established alpha of this study was 5%. Among 537 included children, 296 (55%) were in the "DTE" group and the 241 (45%) were in the "Control" group. Age and gender were not statistically different among the groups (p>0.05). Genotype distribution of the SNPs rs9340799, rs2234693, rs1256049 and rs4986938 were not associated with DTE (p> 0.05). The models elected by MDR were not statistically significant either. Conclusions: The studied SNPs in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with permanent DTE.

Avaliação do conhecimento de adolescentes gestantes sobre saúde bucal do bebê / Evaluation of pregnant adolescent women's knowledge about their baby's oral health

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento de adolescentes gestantes sobre saúde bucal dos bebês. Materiais e Métodos: Foram entrevistadas 80 adolescentes gestantes (13 -18 anos) que realizaram consultas pré-natais na cidade de Joinville SC, no período de Setembro/2011 até Junho/2012. Os dados obtidos foram analisados para a obtenção dos resultados em forma de estatística descritiva. Aplicou-se o teste do qui-quadrado com significância s p<0,05 para o cruzamento do nível socioeconômico com a transmissibilidade da cárie, momento da erupção dental, inicio da higiene bucal e momento da primeira consulta odontológica do bebê. Resultados: Constatou-se que a idade média das entrevistadas foi 15,5 anos. Dentre elas 47,5% moravam com o pai do bebê; 18,75% eram solteiras e 33,75% casadas, todas de nível socioeconômico baixo, com renda entre 2 a 3 salários mínimos, com média de 4,25 pessoas morando na casa. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre a saúde bucal dos bebês, a maioria desconhecia o que é cárie precoce da infância (96,25%); a sua transmissibilidade (63,75%); o momento da erupção dental do bebê (58,75%). A maioria, 95% das gestantes, pretendia amamentar, e dentre estas, 78,75% deram alguma importância à amamentação. A condição socioeconômica apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante no conhecimento sobre transmissibilidade da cárie, momento ideal para realizar a primeira visita ao dentista e erupção dos dentes. Conclusão: As adolescentes gestantes desconhecem sobre a saúde bucal do bebê indicando necessidade de um programa de saúde bucal na instituição avaliada.(AU)

Aim: To verify the knowledge of pregnant adolescent women about the oral health of babies. Materials and Methods: The present study interviewed 80 pregnant adolescents (13 to 18 years of age) who had had prenatal visits in the city of Joinville, Brazil, from September, 2011 to June, 2012. The data were analyzed by obtaining results in the form of descriptive statistics. The Chi-squared test was applied considering a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) in an attempt to compare the mother's socioeconomic level with the transmissibility of dental caries, the moment of tooth eruption, the beginning of oral hygiene, and the baby's first dental appointment. Results: The pregnant women's average age was 15.5 years; 47.5% were living with the baby's father; 18.75% were single; 33.75% were married, all mothers were of a low socioeconomic level, with an income of 2-3 minimum wages, and with an average of 4.25 people living in the same house. As regards the mother's knowledge about the oral health of their babies, the majority did not know what were early childhood caries (96.25%), their transmissibility (63.75%), nor the moment of tooth eruption in their babies (58.75%). Most of the mothers (95%) intended to breastfeed, among them, 78.75% gave some importance to breastfeeding. The socioeconomic condition of the pregnant women showed a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of the transmissibility of caries, the ideal moment for the first dental appointment, and tooth eruption. Conclusion: The pregnant adolescents were unaware of the baby's oral health, thus indicating the need for an special oral health program in the evaluated institution.(AU)

Association of Glycemic Indexes, Hyposalivation, and Xerostomia Type 1 Diabetic Patients / Asociación de los Índices de Glucemia, Hiposalivación y Xerostomía en Pacientes Diabéticos Tipo 1

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between glycemic control of type 1 diabetic (DM1) patients and hyposalivation and xerostomia. This observational transversal study used a quantitative approach with a sample of 25 DM1 patients enrolled at the Diabetes Association of Joinville (ADIJO) in 2008. Variables assessed were sialometry through stimulated salivary flow, complaints of xerostomia, and testing for glycemic control: fasting capillary glycemia (FCG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to verify a possible association among the variables. Most subjects (64 percent; 16/25) showed concomitant hyposalivation and xerostomia. No significant statistical difference between glycemic control (FCG and HbA1c), hyposalivation, and xerostomia (p=0.54) was found. A high prevalence of hyposalivation and xerostomia was found to be more closely related to higher FCG values at the moment of blood testing than to higher values of HbA1c.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el control glucémico de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1) e hiposalivación y xerostomía. Este estudio observacional de cohorte transversal utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra de 25 pacientes con DM1 inscritos en la Asociación de Diabetes de Joinville (ADIJO) el 2008. Las variables evaluadas fueron sialometría a través del flujo salival estimulado, quejas de la xerostomía, y las pruebas para el control glucémico: glucosa capilar en ayunas (GCA) y hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Se utilizaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher para verificar una posible asociación entre las variables. La mayoría de los sujetos (64 por ciento, 16/25) mostró hiposalivación concomitante y xerostomía. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el control glucémico (GCA y HbA1c), hiposalivación y xerostomía (p=0,54). Una alta prevalencia de hiposalivación y xerostomía se encontró estrechamente relacionada con los valores altos de GCA mas que con valores altos de HbA1c en el momento del análisis sanguíneo.

Influência do controle glicêmico na experiência de cárie e doença periodontal em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 / Influence of glycemic control on the experience of caries and periodontal disease in type 1 diabetic patients

O diabetes mellitus é uma desordem metabólica crônica caracterizada por hiperglicemia em resposta a uma insuficiência total ou relativa de insulina. É considerada, pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, uma epidemia global que atinge aproximadamente 194 milhões de pessoas no mundo, e tem sido, frequentemente, associada à doença periodontal e cárie dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a experiência de cárie e doença periodontal (gengivite) em pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), que representam aproximadamente 10% do grupo de indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus, comparando com um grupo de pacientes controle, não diabéticos (NDM). A amostra foi constituída por 25 pacientes DM1 (G1) e 25 pacientes NDM (GC), pareados por sexo e idade. Foram avaliados os índices de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPO-D), índice de placa visível (IPV), índice de sangramento gengival (ISG), fluxo salivar e frequência de escovação, correlacionados com a hemoglobina glicosilada e glicemia capilar em jejum, e comparados com o GC. Os resultados do teste de Mann-Whitney mostraram não existir diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05) entre os valores médios do CPO-D entre os dois grupos. Quando comparados os valores referentes à escovação e fluxo salivar (testes do Qui-Quadrado e Mann-Whitney), e IPV e ISG (teste t de Student para amostras independentes), não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). Quando foram correlacionados os dados do ISG, IPV, CPO-D e fluxo salivar com os valores da hemoglobina glicosilada e glicemia capilar em jejum e fluxo salivar, os resultados do teste Mann-Whitney não foram estatisticamente significativos (p>0,05). De acordo com a amostra pesquisada, não existiu diferença entre a experiência de cárie e doença periodontal (gengivite) entre os grupos estudados.

Prevalência da xerostomia relacionada à medicação nos pacientes atendidos na área de Odontologia da UNIVILLE / Xerostomy prevalence related to medication on patients assisted by the dentistry area of the UNIVILLE

Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência da xerostomia nos pacientes que procuraram atendimento na Área de Odontologia da UNIVILLE e sua relação com medicamentos utilizados no tratamento de doenças como hipertensão, convulsão, depressão e outros. A metodologia consistiu em fornecer aos pacientes um questionário sobre as condições de saúde geral, sintoma de xerostomia e uso de medicamentos. Os pacientes foram separados e analisados de acordo com o medicamento utilizado no tratamento das doenças, bem como o sintoma isoladamente. De todos os pacientes atendidos, 24,8% relataram xerostomia. Dos que fazem uso de medicamentos o sintoma esteve associado a 35,9%. Os principais medicamentos relacionados ao sintoma nesse estudo foram anti-hipertensivos, antidepressivos e anticonvulsivantes. A xerostomia tem maior prevalência nos pacientes que fazem uso dos medicamentos mencionados

The aim of this research was to know the xerostomy prevalence on patients who have been assisted by the Dentistry Area of the Univille and its relation with some drugs for the following treatments: arterial hypertension disease, seizure, depression and other diseases which require medication. The methodology consists of bringing a questionnaire referent to patients' health conditions, xerostomy symptoms and medications use. Patients were separated and analyzed depending on the medication drug used for their disease treatment and patients presenting isolated xerostomy. From all studied patients,24.8% of them were related with xerostomy. Patients who were relatedto drug medication use presented a 35.9% of this symptom. The main medications related to this xerostomy on this research were: antidepressives, antihypertensives and antiseizure. Xerostomy has a greater prevalence on patients who use the mentioned medications